The large serious players are unlikely to do anything that is illegal. So we might not see them entering in to a market that prohibits VoIP. This makes a market for the small, often a group of friends or colleagues joining to form a VoIP company. SIP is an open source platform and getting a softphone is not difficult for these people. Then you have so many wholesalers from where one can add minutes.

There are thousands of such small VoIP providers who mainly exist only because of prohibited markets. They easily sneak in to these markets and through resellers sell their cards and softphones to the customers. Regulators also, rarely come to know about these unheard of VoIP ‘companies’ and do not block them.

Having a fair number of players in the market is good for any market as it creates tough competition benefiting customers. But in case of VoIP, the market is highly fragmented and because of these small players the large ones (serious ones) are suffering. This is creating problems for the mainstream players as well as the industry. The main problem to which these small operators are contributing is about the perception of the technology. Since, they are small, they look for cheap things. Cheap equipments, cheap minutes and at the same time give no attention to QoS. So the users are never able to see the acceptable level of quality coming through VoIP and that hinders them trying the service again even from a serious player.

Even if the incumbents have problems in allowing VoIP in their respective countries, they could resort to restrictive market practices rather than not allowing the service altogether (through the respective regulators). The best policy in the interests of the incumbent was that the Incumbent should only be allowed to offer VoIP. That way it would not lose on the revenues that otherwise go to these small VoIP operators and when people have the alternative, they would not look at the illegal things. Hope these regulators finally wake up and allow VoIP even in limited manner.

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Sharing your own pictures, videos or writing a scrap to someone you know over a social networking site will most probably harm nobody. The professionally owned websites also know their business very well. The owners of these websites fully observe the conventions of publishing content. They know what to publish and what not. They also know what kind of disclaimers are to be kept for specific types of content.

With the popularity of CMS and blogging platforms, there has been a mushroom growth of bloggers and wiki type websites. This has revolutionised the usage of Internet and there are billions of words, audio files and video files that have become available to the world population. Perhaps the dream, that the inventors of Internet had seen of enabling as much information as possible became a reality only through these tools.

There is one more dimension to this great thing happening. There is no proper forum authenticating the contents of these websites. Not only for these blogs, we need to have an eye on what websites are saying and doing about. There are websites of terrorist organisations, rebel groups, anti-national and anti-social amalgams, websites of miscreants, etc. Besides there are websites spreading hatred among people on the basis of religion, nationality and other such demographic factors. Then there must be websites spreading sexist literature. I do not want to provide examples, as it needs some more web search and might annoy fellow website owners. But there are plenty of these websites available. Understood, Internet is the easy way of connecting people all over the world and it is the best way of expression. At the same time, we need to be very cautious with what is available over it.

It is high time that a content authentication or content regulatory body is constituted with presence in each country. It is not censoring the media, but we need to be responsible. Let us not spread fire, but spread knowledge and information. The content authenticating body must have specific guidelines about the subjects allowed over Internet and the authentication mechanism for the content available over a website. The body must have subject experts who would validate the contents. Only after the contents are validated, the website would go public. Each website would be given a logo or some mark certifying that the content is authentic or if we are able to make the Internet secure, no browser or ISP would allow websites without such authentication. Otherwise we are letting Internet spread whatever comes to mind of anybody and everybody. Let everybody enjoy the freedom of expression but express responsibly. Otherwise wrong information could be the source of knowledge for our youngsters. And you all will agree, wrong information is no information. It is dangerous than uninformed.

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TRAI has replied back to DOT maintaining its initial stand on these issues; which any and every regulator would do. The TRAI has recommended realistically for issues arising out of Internet Telephony that will give a room for growth for the technology and at the same time lead to a sizeable market of Internet Telephony in India. The philosophy of the recommendations has been to aim at two things – designing a framework for the technology and giving the technology enablers a free hand which is very crucial particularly in the initial stages of the technology to result in a mature market. Only by showing some flexibility more and more players will dive into the market which is always beneficial for the end users.

Among the recommendations, the regulatory authority has recommended that the decision of facilitating emergency number calls over the Internet phones should be left to the service providers. It should not be made mandatory.

This debate over emergency number calling over VoIP networks has been there globally. Most of the regulators concluded that this decision be left over with the service providers as VoIP is primarily an alternative telephone line or a second telephone connection with the users. It is essential that users must be able to call in case of emergency and for that they could use their primary PSTN line.

India is likely to follow the universal trend of Internet Telephony being an alternative route and it will be a secondary line with the users. If not a fixed line, the users will surely be having a mobile phone over which they could make emergency calls.

Another interesting phenomenon is about the level of service offered over emergency numbers and then the usage of emergency numbers. The emergency number service in India only allows users to call for police, fire services and the ambulance services depending on the requirement. No advanced services are offered such as geographic identification of the caller to facilitate prompt services. A caller has to make a number of calls before pin pointing the right person for help. It is not an automatic system like in most of the mature telecom markets. Most of the times making a call is of no use and the person has to use other methods even in the case of emergencies for the callous attitude of the authorities who are approached for the help.

India is a security sensitive country and it is very important to identify the location of the caller for various reasons. In other countries the advanced emergency number call systems help authorities like police and secret services to find out the location of the caller. But in India, location is only ascertained after intervention of the service providers. One very useful tool for this has been CLIP that lets the other party know about the number of the caller. Once the E.164 numbering is followed for Internet Telephony in India (as recommended by TRAI), having CLIP for Internet Telephones will not be an issue and the service providers will have to capability of tracking the callers.

With this scenario, it seems that TRAI has aptly recommended that enabling emergency number calling be the discretion of the service provider. There is no reason why DOT should make it an issue for Internet Telephony to start in India. Once the Internet Telephony is operated in a controlled manner through these service providers, it will be as easy for the authorities to track the calls and callers in case of any need as is with the regular PSTN and mobile telephony. Users will be able to make emergency calls when needed through their primary lines and the callers can be traced through CLIP and other such facilities with the intervention of the service providers.

Over the past few years, TRAI has been among very few regulators who are encouraging emerging technologies than finding out impediments in making them a reality. Be it conditional access, IPTV, DTH, WiFi or the broadband services, TRAI has always tried to develop an atmosphere which would incubate the technology and service leading to the maturity of the telecom market in the country.

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